SpringMVC的启动流程

SpringMVC的启动是建立在Servlet容器之上的,所有web工程的初始位置就是web.xml,它配置了servlet的上下文(context)、过滤器(Filter)和监听器(Listener)。Spring的启动流程其实就是Ioc容器的启动过程。一个WEB项目在Servlet容器中启动的时候会根据web.xml的配置执行对应的方法,因此Spring的启动流程可以选择配置在web.xml的Servlet或者Filter或者Listener上。不管是以何种方式启动容器,过程一般就是三步:

  • 创建一个WebApplicationContext

  • 配置并刷新Bean

  • 将容器初始化到Servlet上下文中

使用Servlet控制容器的初始化

SpringMVC提供了DispatcherServlet来在容器启动的时候对Spring进行初始化,

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>
    org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
  </servlet-class>
  <!-- 表示启动容器时初始化此Servelt,调用init方法 -->
  <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  <init-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
  </init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>  <!-- 需要和上面的servlet-name保持一致 -->
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> <!-- url的匹配规则,/ 就是匹配所有 -->
</servlet-mapping>

因为配置了 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>,所以在容器启动的时候会调用Servlet的init方法,追踪代码,可以看到是在DispatcherServlet的父类的父类HttpServletBean中实现了init方法。在init方法里对Spring容器进行了初始化操作。

@Override
	public final void init() throws ServletException {
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
		}

		// Set bean properties from init parameters.
		PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
		if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
			try {
				BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
				ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
				bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
				initBeanWrapper(bw);
				bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
			}
			catch (BeansException ex) {
				if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
					logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
				}
				throw ex;
			}
		}

		// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
		initServletBean();

		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
		}
	}

使用Listener进行初始化

在web.xml中配置Listener来进行容器的初始化。

<listener>
  <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>  
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>  
    <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>  
</context-param> 

ContextLoaderListener实现了ServletContextListener的contextInitialized方法,所以在容器启动的时候会调用此方法,在此方法里面实现Spring容器的初始化。在contextInitialized中,通过调用父类(ContextLoader)的initWebApplicationContext方法进行容器创建:

@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
    initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

下面来看initWebApplicationContext的代码:

public WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext) {
    //1:判断当前容器是否存在,如果存在则报容器已经存在的异常信息
    if (servletContext.getAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE) != null) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(
          "Cannot initialize context because there is already a root application context present - " +
          "check whether you have multiple ContextLoader* definitions in your web.xml!");
    }
    Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(ContextLoader.class);
    //下面这个日志就是我们经常在启动Spring项目时看到的日志信息: 
    servletContext.log("Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext");
    if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
      logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization started");
    }
    long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

    try {
      //如果当前容器为null,则创建一个容器,并将servletContext上下文作为参数传递进去,
      if (this.context == null) {
        this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
      }
       //判断当前容器是否为可配置的,只有是Configurable的容器,才能进行后续的配置
      if (this.context instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
        ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) this.context;
        if (!cwac.isActive()) {
          if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
            ApplicationContext parent = loadParentContext(servletContext);
            cwac.setParent(parent);
          }
           //三步走中的第二步:配置并且刷新当前容器
          configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac, servletContext);
        }
      }
       //将配置并且刷新过的容器存入servlet上下文中,并以WebApplicationContext的类名作为key值
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, this.context);

      ClassLoader ccl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
      if (ccl == ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader()) {
        currentContext = this.context;
      }
      else if (ccl != null) {
        currentContextPerThread.put(ccl, this.context);
      }

      if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Published root WebApplicationContext as ServletContext attribute with name [" +
            WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE + "]");
      }
      if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
        long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
        logger.info("Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in " + elapsedTime + " ms");
      }
       //返回创建好的容器
      return this.context;
    }
    catch (RuntimeException ex) {
      logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, ex);
      throw ex;
    }
    catch (Error err) {
      logger.error("Context initialization failed", err);
      servletContext.setAttribute(WebApplicationContext.ROOT_WEB_APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ATTRIBUTE, err);
      throw err;
    }
  }

下面我们在看下createWebApplicationContext方法是如何创建WebApplicationContext的

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc) {
    //首先来确定context是由什么类定义的,并且判断当前容器是否为可配置的
    Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
    if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
      throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
          "] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
    }
    //创建可配置的上下文容器
    return (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
  }

最后来看下determineContextClass这个方法:

protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
    //首先从web.xml中查看用户是否自己定义了context
    String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM);
    //如果有,则通过反射创建实例
    if (contextClassName != null) {
      try {
        return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException(
            "Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
      }
    }
    /*如果没有,则去defaultStrategies里面取【defaultStrategies是Propertites类的/对象,在ContextLoader中的静态代码块中初始化的;默认容器是XmlWebApplicationContext*/
  else {
   contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName());
      try {
        return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
      }
      catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        throw new ApplicationContextException(
            "Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
      }
    }
  }

参考:

https://juejin.im/post/59a286866fb9a0249d616fbb

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